Frantz's name reflected the Alsatian past. In the context of the islands, the factor of illegitimacy was of less importance than the ethnic quotient. His mother was of Alsatian origin, herself the illegitimate daughter of parents of mixed blood. Fanon's relationship with a difficult and rejecting mother is also implicated here. In the same year as the publication of his first book, he married a white, French woman, Marie-Josephe ("Josie") Duble in October 1952, suggesting continuing, unresolved ambivalence and conflict regarding his own blackness. In high school or lycee, Fanon was taught by Aime Cesaire who introduced him to the philosophy of Negritude which he embraced briefly.īy the time he published his first book, "Peau Noire, Masques Blancs," he had abandoned the philosophy of Negritude for what he described as a so-called "non-racist humanism" as if loving yourself and your culture is racist. Five of the eight Fanon children after finishing secondary school went on to study at French universities. His father (1891-1947) was a customs inspector. In the Antilles, a black bourgeoisie had already evolved which strove for assimilation rather than national independence. Frantz Fanon was born on 20 July 1925 into a fairly typical bourgeois family in Martinique and grew up with assimilationist values which encouraged him to reject his "blackness" or African heritage. Before he left France, Fanon had already published his first analysis of the effects of racism and colonization, Black Skin, White Masks (BSWM), originally titled "An Essay for the Disalienation of Blacks," in part based on his lectures and experiences in Lyon.Īs a postscript to "Remembering Fanon," a few additional comments. Here he began writing political essays and plays, and he married a Frenchwoman, Jose Duble. He left Martinique in 1943, when he volunteered to fight with the Free French in World War II, and he remained in France after the war to study medicine and psychiatry on scholarship in Lyon. Fanon was born in 1925, to a middle-class family in the French colony of Martinique.
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